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Liquidambar
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Angelov, M. N. 1996. Long- and short-term flooding effects on survival and sink-source relationships of swamp-adapted tree species Tree Physiology 16: 477-484.
Baillon, H. 1871. Saxifragacees Hist. Pl. 3: 325-464. (In French; see English translation by M.M. Hartog, Nat. Hist. Pl. 3: 323-464. 1874)
Battaglia, L. L.; Fore, S. A.; Sharitz, R. R. 2000. Seedling emergence, survival and size in relation to light and water availability in two bottomland hardwood species J. Ecol. 88: 1041-1050.
Berry, E. W. 1920. The geological history of the sweet gum and witch hazel Pl. World 22: 345-54.
Bogle, A. L. 1986. The floral morphology and vascular anatomy of the Hamamelidaceae: subfamily Liquidambaroideae Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 73: 325-47.
Bonner, F. T. 1967. Germination of sweetgum seed in response to light J. Forest. 65(5): 339.
Bormann, F. H. 1953. Factors determining the role of loblolly pine and sweetgum in early old-field succession in the Piedmont of North Carolina Ecol. Monogr. 23: 339-58.
Britton, Elizabeth G. 1887. Elongation of the inflorescence in Liquidambar Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 14: 95-6.
Brown, C. L.; Kormanik, P. P. 1967. Suppressed buds on lateral roots of Liquidambar styraciflua Bot. Gaz. 128(3-4): 208-11.
Chang, K. T. 1959. The pollen morphology of Liquidambar L. and Altinga Nor Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Lenengrad) 44: 1375-80. (In Russian; English summary)
Clatterbuck, W. K.; Hodges, J. D. 1988. Development of cherrybark oak and sweet gum in mixed, even-aged bottomland stands in central Mississippi, U.S.A Canad. J. Forest Res. 18(1): 12-8.
Coladoanto, M. 1992. Liquidambar styraciflua The Fire Effects Information System WWW site; USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory; Missoula, MT; Fischer,WC compiler. ()
De Steven, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling emergence Ecology 72: 1066-75.
De Steven, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling survival and growth Ecology 72: 1076-88.
Den Uyl, D. 1962. Survival and growth of hardwood plantations on strip mine spoil banks of Indiana J. Forest. 60(9): 603-6.
Dillenburg, L. R. 1991. Competitive interactions between the vines Lonicera japonica or Parthenocissus quinquefolia and the tree host Liquidambar styraciflua- effects and mechanisms Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Maryland, College Park, MD.
Dillenburg, L. R.; Sullivan, J. H.; Teramura, A. H. 1995. Leaf expansion and development of photosynthetic capacity and pigments in Liquidambar styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae)- effects of UV-B radiation Amer. J. Bot. 82(7): 878-85.
Dillenburg, L. R.; Teramura, A. H.; Forseth, I. N.; Whigham, D. F. 1995. Photosynthetic and biomass allocation responses of Liquidambar styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae) to vine competition Amer. J. Bot. 82(4): 454-61.
Dillenburg, L. R.; Whigham, D. F.; Teramura, A. H.; Forseth, I. N. 1993. Effects of vine competition of availability of light, water, and nitrogen to a tree host Liquidambar styraciflua Amer. J. Bot. 80: 244-52.
Dillenburg, L. R.; Whigham, D. F.; Teramura, A. H.; Forseth, I. N. 1993. Effects of below and above ground competition from the vines Lonicera japonica and Parthenocissus quinquefolia on the growth of the tree host Liquidambar styraciflua Oecologia 93: 48-54.
Duncan, W. H. 1959. Leaf variation in Liquidambar styraciflua Castanea 24: 99-111.
Echternach, J. L.; Rose, R. K. 1987. Use of woody vegetation by beavers in southeastern Virginia USA Virginia J. Sci. 38: 226-232.
Ernst, W. R. 1963. The genera of Hamamelidaceae and Platanaceae in the southeastern United States J. Arnold Arbor. 44: 193-210.
Felter, H. W. 1922. The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Liquidambar) An online reprint of the orginal publication from Professor H. W. Felter, on Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and of the History of Medicine in the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, Ohio; Ex-President and Member of the National Eclectic Medical Asso
Flint, F. F. 1959. Development of the megagametophyte in Liquidambar styraciflua L Madrono 15: 25-9.
Fordham, A. J. 1961. Propagation of Liquidambar styraciflua Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 21: 66.
Gibson, H. H. 1905. American forest trees - 18. Red gum, Liquidambar styraciflua L Hardwood Rec. 20: 12-5.
Goldblatt, P.; Endress, P. 1977. Cytology and evolution in Hamamelidaceae J. Arnold Arbor. 58(1): 67-71.
Gregory, E. L. 1888. Development of corky-wings on certain trees II Bot. Gaz. 13: 281-7.
Hallier, H. 1903. Uber den Umfang, die Gliederung und die Verwandtschaft der Hamamelidaceen Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 14: 247-60.
Hengst, G. E.; Dawson, J. O. 1994. Bark properties and fire resistance of selected tree species from the central hardwood region of North America Canad. J. Forest Res. 24: 688-96.
Herrick, J. D.; Thomas, R. B. 2003. Leaf senescence and late-season net photosynthesis of sun and shade leaves of overstory sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) grown in elevated and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations Tree Physiology 23: 109-118.
Hoey, M. T.; Parks, C. R. 1991. Isozyme divergence between eastern Asian, North American, and Turkish species of Liquidambar (Hamamelidaceae) Amer. J. Bot. 78: 938-47.
Hoey, M. T.; Parks, C. R. 1994. Genetic diversity in Liquidambar styraciflua, L. formosana, and L. acalycina (Hamamelidaceae) Syst. Bot. 19(2): 308-16.
Holbrook, N. M.; Putz, F. E. 1989. Influence of neighbors on tree form: Effects of lateral shade and prevention of sway on the allometry of Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweet Gum) Amer. J. Bot. 76(12): 1740-9.
Holm, T. 1930. Leaf-variation in Liquidambar styraciflua Rhodora 32: 95-100.
Hosner, J. F. 1958. The effects of complete inundation upon seedlings of six bottomland tree species Ecology 39: 371-3.
Ickert-Bond, S. M.; Pigg, K. B.; Wen, J. 2005. Comparative infructescence morphology in Liquidambar (Altingiaceae) and its evolutionary significance Amer. J. Bot. 92: 1234-1255.
Jones, R. H. et al. 1994. Woody plant regeneration in four floodplain forests Ecol. Monogr. 64: 345-67.
King, B. L. 1997. An abnormal variant of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) from Caroline county, Virginia Banisteria 9: 43-5.
Kirchheimer, F. 1947. Uber verweigte Fruchtstande der Liquidambar styraciflua L Planta 35: 106-9.
Knapp, A. K.; Carter, G. A. 1998. Variability in leaf optical properties among 26 species from a broad range of habitats Amer. J. Bot. 85: 940-946.
Kormanik, P. P.; Brown, C. L. 1967. Root buds and the development of root suckers in sweetgum Forest Sci. 13: 338-45.
Kormanik, P. P.; Brown, C. L. 1969. Origin and development of epicormic branches in sweet gum USDA Forest Serv. Res. Pap. SE-54.
Kostel-Hughes, F.; Young, T. P.; Carreiro, M. M.; Wehr, J. D. 1996. Experimental effects of urban and rural forest leaf litter on germination and seedling growth of native and exotic northeastern tree species Society for Ecological Restoration 1996 International Conference. June 17-22, 1996, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. (Abstract)
Kostel-Hughes, F.; Young, T. P.; Wehr, J. D. 2005. Effects of leaf litter depth on the emergence and seedling growth of deciduous forest tree species in relation to seed size J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 50-61.
Lam, O. C.; Brown, C. L. 1974. Shoot growth and histogenesis of Liquidambar styraciflua L. under different photoperiods Bot. Gaz. 135(2): 149-54.
Li, J.; Bogle, A. L.; Klein, A. S. 1997. Interspecific relationships and genetic divergence of the disjunct genus Liquidambar (Hamamelidaceae) inferred from DNA sequences of plastid gene MATK Rhodora 99: 229-40.
Li, J.; Donoghue, M. J. 1999. More molecular evidence for interspecific relationships in Liquidambar (Hamamelidaceae) Rhodora 101: 87-91.
Makarova, Z. I. 1957. A contribution to the history of the genus Liquidambar L Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Lenengrad) 42: 1182-95. (In Russian)
Martin, P. S.; Harrell, B. E. 1957. The Pleistocene history of temperate biotas in Mexico and eastern United States Ecology 38: 468-80.
Martindale, D. 1958. Silvical characteristics of sweetgum (Liquidambar syraciflua L.) USDA Forest Serv. Southeastern Exp. Sta. Pap. 90. 14 pp.
McApline, R. G. 1961. Yellow-poplar seedlings intolerant to flooding J. Forest. 59(8): 566-8. (Also Fraxinus & Liquidambar)
McMillan, C. 1974. Differentiation in habitat response in Taxodium distichum, T. nucronatum, Platanus occidentalis, and Liquidambar styraciflua from the United States and Mexico Vegetatio 29: 1-10.
McMillan, C.; Winstead, J. E. 1976. Adaptive differentiation in Liquidambar styraciflua L. from eastern United States and northeastern Mexico under uniform environmental conditions Bot. Gaz. 137(4): 361-7.
Mitchell, R. S. 1988. Platanaceae through Myricaceae of New York State. New York State Museum Bull. No. 464 The University of the State of New York, the State Education Department, Albany. 98 pages.
O'Byrne, J. W. 1952. Sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) Va. Forests 7(5): 3,14.
Pope, P. E.; Chaney, W. R.; Rhodes, J. D.; Woodhead, S. H. 1983. The mycorrhizal dependency of four hardwood tree species Canad. J. Bot. 61: 412-7.
Rabe, E. P. 1985. Distribution and growth response of Ailanthus altissima in the urban environment M.S. Thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. 87 p. (Also Acer & Liquidambar)
Randel, W. R.; Winstead, J. E. 1976. Environmental influence on cell and wood characters of Liquidambar styraciflua Bot. Gaz. 137(1): 45-51.
Rao, P. R. M. 1974. Seed anatomy in some Hamamelidaceae and phylogeny Phytomorphology 24: 113-39.
Rhoads, A. F.; Meyer, P. W.; Sanfelippo, R. 1981. Performance of urban street trees evaluated J. Arboric. 7: 127-132.
Roberts, B. R. 1980. Trees as biological filters J. Arboric. 6(1): 20-3. (Sulphur dioxide & ozone)
Samorodova-Bianki, G. B. 1957. De genera Liquidambar L. notulae systematicae Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR 18: 77-89. (In Russian)
Santamour, F. S. 1972. Chromosome number in Liquidambar Rhodora 74(798): 287-90.
Santamour, F. S.; McArdle, A. J. 1984. Cultivar checklist for Liqiudambar and Liriodendron J. Arboric. 10: 309-312.
Sargent, C. S. 1889. The Liquidambar Gard. & Forest 2: 232-3.
Schmitt, D. 1966. Pistillate inflorescence of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) Silvae Genet. 15: 33-5.
Sharma, G. K.; Tyree, J. 1973. Geographic leaf cuticular and gross morphological variations in Liquidambar styraciflua L. and their possible relationship to environmental pollution Bot. Gaz. 134(3): 179-84.
Sionit, N. et al. 1985. Long term atmospheric CO2 enrichment affects the growth and development of Liquidambar styraciflua and Pinus taeda seedlings Canad. J. Forest Res. 15: 468-71.
Smith, R. F. 1967. The leaf dimorphism of Liquidambar styraciflua Amer. Midl. Naturalist 77: 42-50.
Sullivan, J. H.; Teramura, A. H.; Dillenburg, L. R. 1994. Growth and photosynthetic responses of field-grown sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua; Hamamelidaceae) seedlings to UV-B radiation Amer. J. Bot. 81(7): 826-32.
Thomas, J. L. 1961. Liquidambar Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 21: 59-65.
Tolley, L. C.; Strain, B. R. 1984. Effects of CO2 enrichment and water stress on growth of Liquidambar styraciflua and Pinus taeda seedlings Canad. J. Bot. 62: 2135-9.
Trenk, F. B. 1925. Some soil and moisture relationships of sweetgum and river birch in southern Maryland Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 32: 133-42.
Vozzo, J. A.; Hacskaylo, E. 1964. Anatomy of mycorrhizae of selected eastern forest trees Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 91: 378-387.
Whigham, D. 1984. The influence of vines on the growth of Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum) Canad. J. Forest Res. 14: 37-9.
Williams, G. J.; McMillan, C. 1971. Phenology of six United States provenances of Liquidambar styraciflua under controlled conditions Amer. J. Bot. 58(1): 24-31.
Williams, G. J.; McMillan, C. 1971. Frost tolerance of Liquidambar styraciflua native to the United States, Mexico, and Central America Canad. J. Bot. 49: 1551-8.
Wilson, P. 1905. Altingiaceae N. Amer. Fl. 22: 189.
Winstead, J. E. 1969. Ecotypic differentiation in Liquidambar styraciflua L Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin, TX.
Winstead, J. E. 1971. Populational differences in seed germination and stratification requirements of sweetgum Forest Sci. 17: 34-6.
Wisniewski, M.; Bogle, A. L. 1982. The ontogeny of the inflorescence and flower of Liquidambar styraciflua L. (Hamamelidaceae) Amer. J. Bot. 69(10): 1612-24.