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Liriodendron
Search Returned: 155 records.Andrews, F. M. 1901. Karyokinesis in Magnolia and Liriodendron, with special reference to behavior of chromosomes Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 11: 134-42.
Andrews, S. 1993. Tree of the year: Liriodendron tulipifera Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 1992: 15-8.
Andrews, S. 1994. Further notes on Liriodendron Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 1993: 42.
Anonymous 1970. Tuliptree, Liriodendron tulipifera Morton Arbor. Quart. 6: 14-5.
Anonymous 1915. Commercial uses of the tulip or yellow poplar Amer. Forests 21: 834-40.
Axelrod, D. I. 1983. Biogeography of oaks in the arcto-tertiary province Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 629-57. (Many other genera disscussed)
Balter, H.; Loeb, R. E. 1983. Arboreal relationships on limestone and gneiss in northern New Jersey and southeastern New York Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 110: 370-9.
Barkley, F. A. 1975. A note concerning two flowering plants Phytologia 32: 304.
Beck, D. E.; Della-Bianca, L. 1981. Yellow-poplar: characteristics and management USDA Forest Serv. Agric. Handb. no. 583. 91 pp.
Berry, E. W. 1902. Notes on the phylogeny of Liriodendron Bot. Gaz. 34: 44-63.
Berry, E. W. 1901. The origin of stipules in Liriodendron Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 493-8.
Berry, E. W. 1903. Liriodendron notes Torreya 3: 129-32.
Berry, E. W. 1902. Additional notes on Liriodendron leaves Torreya 2: 33-7.
Betts, H. S. 1954. Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) U.S. Forest Serv. Am. Woods. 8 pp. Washington.
Bigelow, J. 1818. Liriodendron tulipifera Amer. Med. Bot. 2: 107-14.
Blaney, J. R.; Tryon, E. H.; Linsky, B. 1977. Effect of coal smoke on growth of four tree species Castanea 42: 193-203.
Boettcher, S. E.; Kalisz, P. J. 1990. Single-tree influence on soil properties in the mountains of eastern Kentucky Ecology 71: 1365-72.
Boyce, S. G.; Hosner, J. F. 1963. Alternating storage temperatures increase the germination of yellow-poplar seed J. Forest. 61(10): 731-3.
Braham, R. R.; Kellison, R. C. 1987. Suppressed buds in yellow-poplar J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 103(2): 47-55.
Brandt, C. J.; Rhoades, R. W. 1973. Effects of limestone dust accumulation on lateral growth of forest trees Environmental Pollution 4: 207-13.
Buckner, E.; McCracken, W. 1978. Yellow poplar: a component of climax forests J. Forest. 76: 421-3.
Busing, R. T. 1995. Disturbance and the population dynamics of Liriodendron tulipifera: simulations with a spatial model of forest succession J. Ecol. 83: 45-53.
Canright, L. J. 1957. Vegetative propagation of Liriodendron tulipifera J. Forest. 55: 892-3.
Carvell, K. L.; Korstian, C. F. 1955. Production and dissemination of yellow-poplar seed J. Forest. 53: 169-70.
Chapman, A. G. 1933. Some effects of varying amounts of nitrogen on the growth of tulip poplar seedlings Ohio J. Science 33: 164-81.
Chappelka, A. H.; Chevone, B. I.; Burke, T. E. 1985. Growth response of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) seedlings to ozone, sulfur dioxide, and simulated acid precipitation alone and in combination Environm. Exp. Bot. 25: 33-244.
Cheadle, V. I. 1964. Secondary phloem of Liriodendron tulipifera Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 36: 143-252.
Clark, B. F.; Boyce, S. G. 1964. Yellow poplar seed remains viable in the forest litter J. Forest. 62(8): 564-7.
Clark, F. B. 1964. Micro-organisms and soil structure affect yellow-poplar growth USDA, Forest Serv. Res. Pap. CS-9. 12pp. Central States For. Exp. Sta., Columbus, OH.
Clark, F. B. 1963. Endotrophic mycorrhizae influence yellow poplar seedling growth Science 140: 1220-3.
Clinton, B. D.; Boring, L. R.; Swank, W. T. 1994. Regeneration patterns in canopy gaps of mixed-oak forests of the southern Appalachians: influences of topographic position and evergreen understory Amer. Midl. Naturalist 132: 308-19.
Coker, W. C. 1930. The bald cypress J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 46: 86-8. (Also Platanus & Liriodendron)
Crang, R. E. et al. 1983. Acid fog effects on yellow poplar leaf morphology Micron 14: 75-6.
Crang, R. E.; McQuattie, C. J. 1986. Qualitative and quantitative effects of acid misting and two air pollutants on foliar structures of Liriodendron tulipifera Canad. J. Bot. 64: 1237-43.
Creasy, W. D. 1954. Secondary succession and growth of yellow poplar on the "Green Mountain" Nicholas County, West Virginia Castanea 19: 81-7.
Curtis, C. C. 1901. Second flowering of the tulip-tree J. New York Bot. Gard. 2: 136-8.
Curtis, W. 1794. Liriodendron tulipifera. Common tulip-tree Bot. Mag. 8: t. 275.
Day, F. P.; Monk, C. D. 1977. Net primary production and phenology on a Southern Appalachian watershed Amer. J. Bot. 64: 1117-25.
De Steven, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling emergence Ecology 72: 1066-75.
De Steven, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling survival and growth Ecology 72: 1076-88.
Decker, K. L. M.; Boerner, R. E. J. 1997. CA:Al ratio effects on growth and competitive interactions of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 124: 286-96.
Del Tredici, P. 1985. What's in a leaf? Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 45: 2-6.
Demuth, P.; Santamour, F. S. 1978. Carotenoid flower pigments in Liriodendron and Magnolia Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 105: 65-6.
Den Uyl, D. 1962. Survival and growth of hardwood plantations on strip mine spoil banks of Indiana J. Forest. 60(9): 603-6.
Doley, D. 1970. Effects of simulated drought on shoot development in Liriodendron seedlings New Phyt. 69: 655-73.
Downs, A. A. 1946. Response to release of sugar maple, white oak, and yellow-poplar J. Forest. 44: 22-7.
Echternach, J. L.; Rose, R. K. 1987. Use of woody vegetation by beavers in southeastern Virginia USA Virginia J. Sci. 38: 226-232.
Elliott, K.; Swank, W. 1994. Impacts of drought on tree mortality and growth in a mixed hardwood forest J. Veg. Sci. 5: 229-36.
Erbar, C.; Leins, P. 1983. On the sequence of floral organs in some Magnoliidae Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 103(4): 433-49.
Floyd, B. W.; Noble, R. D. 1980. Intraseasonal variation in chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultrastructure of selected plant species in a deciduous forest Canad. J. Bot. 58: 1504-19.
Gibson, H. H. 1905. American forest trees - poplar or whitewood, Liriodendron tulipifera Linn Hardwood Rec. 19: 14-5.
Giersbach, J.; Crocker, W. 1929. The effect of stratification on seeds of Liriodendron tulipifera L Amer. J. Bot. 16: 855.
Green, D. S. 1980. The terminal velocity and dispersal of spinning samaras Amer. J. Bot. 67: 1218-24.
Greene, D. F.; Johnson, E. A. 1992. Fruit abscission in Acer saccharinum with reference to seed dispersal Canad. J. Bot. 70(11): 2277-83.
Griffith, R. S. 1991. Liriodendron tulipifera The Fire Effects Information System WWW site; USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory; Missoula, MT; Fischer,WC compiler. ()
Guard, A. T. 1943. The development of the seed of Liriodendron tulipifera L Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 53: 75-7.
Guard, A. T.; Wean, R. E. 1941. Seed production in the yellow poplar J. Forest. 39: 1032-3.
Guedes, M. 1968. The carpel of the tulip-tree, Liriodendron tulipifera Oesterr. Bot. Z. 115: 372-8.
Guzzo, F. et al. 1994. Pollen development in Liriodendron tulipifera: some unusual features Canad. J. Bot. 72(3): 352-8. (French summary)
Hardin, J. W.; Jones, K. A. 1989. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, X. Magnoliaceae of the United States Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 116: 164-73.
Hengst, G. E.; Dawson, J. O. 1994. Bark properties and fire resistance of selected tree species from the central hardwood region of North America Canad. J. Forest Res. 24: 688-96.
Hildebrand, E.; Skelly, J. M.; Fredericksen, T. S. 1996. Foliar response of ozone-sensitve hardwood tree species from 1991 to 1993 in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia Canad. J. Forest Res. 26: 658-69. (French summary)
Hollick, A. 1896. Appendages to the petioles of Liriodendron Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 249-50 + 2pl..
Holm, T. 1909. Medicinal plants of North America. 30. Liriodendron tulipifera L Merck Rep. 18: 198-201.
Holsoe, T. 1951. Yellow poplar reaction to crown release and other factors influencing growth West Virginia Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 344T.
Hosner, J. F.; Graney, D. L. 1970. The relative growth of three forest tree species on soils associated with different successional stages in Virginia Amer. Midl. Naturalist 84: 418-27.
Ingelsby, B. 1958. Distribution of the tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) in southwestern New York Amer. Midl. Naturalist 59: 397-417.
Jackson, L. W. R.; Driver, C. H. 1969. Morphology of mycorrhizae on deciduous forest tree species Castanea 34: 230-5.
Jacquart, E. M.; Armentano, T. V.; Spingarn, A. L. 1992. Spatial and temporal tree responses to water stress in an old-growth deciduous forest Amer. Midl. Naturalist 127: 158-71.
Johnson, M. A.; Fairbrothers, D. E. 1965. Comparison and interpretation of serological data in the Magnoliaceae Bot. Gaz. 126(4): 260-9.
Johnson, T. W. et al. 1957. Observations on yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) dieback Forest Sci. 3: 84-9.
Jones, K. A. 1988. Foliar surface features of the Magnoliaceae native in the United States M.S. Thesis, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC.
Kavanagh, K.; Carleton, T. J. 1990. Seed production and dispersal patterns in populations of Liriodendron tulipifera at the northern edge of its range in southern Ontario, Canada Canad. J. Forest Res. 20(9): 1461-70.
Kim, S. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships in family Magnoliaceae inferred from NDHF sequences Amer. J. Bot. 88: 717-728.
King, J. L. 1994. Persistence of black cherry, white ash, and tulip poplar in an old-growth beech-maple forest Thesis, Univ. Illinois, Chicago.
Kolb, T. E.; Steiner, K. C.; McCormick, L. H.; Bowersox, T. W. 1990. Growth response of northern red oak and yellow-poplar seedlings to light, soil moisture and nutrients in relation to ecological strategy Forest Ecol. & Manag. 38: 65-78.
Kostel-Hughes, F.; Young, T. P.; Wehr, J. D. 2005. Effects of leaf litter depth on the emergence and seedling growth of deciduous forest tree species in relation to seed size J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 50-61.
Kota, N. L. 2007. Germination and early growth of Ailanthus altissima and tulip poplar in three levels of forest disturbance Biological Invasions 9: 197-211.
Kozlowski, T. T. 1943. Transpiration rates of some forest tree species during the dormant season Pl. Physiol. (Lancaster) 18: 252-60.
Kramer, P. J. 1943. Amount and duration of growth of various species of tree seedlings Pl. Physiol. (Lancaster) 18: 239-51.
Latham, R. E. 1992. Co-occurring tree species change rank in seedling performance with resources varied experimentally Ecology 73: 2129-44.
Lawrey, J. D. 1977. Trace metal accumulation by plant species from a coal strip-mining area in Ohio Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 104: 368-375.
Liu, Y.; Muller, R. N. 1993. Effect of drought and frost on radial growth of overstory and understory stems in a deciduous forest Amer. Midl. Naturalist 129: 19-25.
Lloyd, J. U. 1884. Liriodendron tulipifera Drugs Med. N. Amer. 2: 8-18.
Loach, K. 1970. Shade tolerance in tree seedlings. II. Growth analysis of plants raised under artificial shade New Phyt. 69: 273-86.
Loach, K. 1967. Shade tolerance in tree seedlings. I. Leaf photosynthesis and respiration in plants raised under artificial shade New Phyt. 66: 607-21.
Loats, K. V.; Rebbeck, J. 1999. Interactive effects of ozone and elevated carbon dioxide on the growth and physiology of black cherry, green ash, and yellow poplar seedlings Environmental Pollution 106: 237-248.
Mahoney, M. J. et al. 1984. Response of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) seedling shoot growth to low concentrations of O3, SO2, and NO2 Canad. J. Forest Res. 14: 150-3.
Maneval, W. B. 1914. The development of Magnolia and Liriodendron Bot. Gaz. 67: 1-31.
Mariani, P.; Cappelletti, E. M.; Campoccia, D.; Baldan, B. 1989. Oil cell ultrastructure and development in Liriodendron tulipifera L Bot. Gaz. 150: 391-6.
Marks, P. L.; Gardescu, S.; Hitzhusen, G. E. 1999. Windstorm damage and age structure in an old growth forest in central New York Northeastern Naturalist 6: 165-176.
McApline, R. G. 1961. Yellow-poplar seedlings intolerant to flooding J. Forest. 59(8): 566-8. (Also Fraxinus & Liquidambar)
McCarthy, E. F. 1953. Yellow poplar characteristics, growth, and management USDA Tech. Bull. 356. 58 pp.
McCormick, L. H.; Bowersox, T. W. 1997. Grass or fern competition reduce growth and survival of planted tree seedlings 11th Central Hardwoods Forest Conference, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO. March 23-26, 1997. pp. 286-293.
McCutchen, C. W. 1977. The spinning rotation of ash and tulip-tree samaras Science 197: 691-2.
McDermott, J. J. 1941. Changes in chemical composition of twigs and buds of Yellow Poplar during the dormant period Pl. Physiol. (Lancaster) 16: 415-8.
McNab, W. H.; Merschat, C. E. 1990. Geologic variables associated with height of yellow-poplar stands in the bald mountains of North Carolina J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 106(2): 25-31.
Meyer, B. S. 1932. The daily periodicity of transpiration in the tulip poplar, Liriodendron tulipifera L Ohio J. Science 32: 104-14.
Miller, N. G.; Parks, C. R. 1980. A study of the bitypic genus Liriodendron (Magnoliaceae) {IIn} Second International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, July 17-24, 1980:288. (Abstract)
Millington, W. F.; Gunckel, J. E. 1950. Structure and development of the vegetative shoot tip of Liriodendron tulipifera L. Amer. J. Bot. 37: 326-35.
Minckler, L. S.; Jensen, C. E. 1959. Reproduction of upland central hardwoods as affected by cutting, topography, and litter depth J. Forest. 57: 424-8.
Mitchell, R. S.; Beal, E. D. 1979. Magnoliaceae through Ceratophyllaceae of New York State Vol. NY State Museum Bull. 435. Vol. Contributions to a Flora of New York State II.. Univ. of the state of NY, Albany, NY.
Morawetz, W. 1981. C-banding in Liriodendron tulipifera (Magnoliaceae): some karyological and systematic implications Pl. Syst. Evol. 138: 209-16.
Newhouse, M. E.; Madgwick, H. A. I. 1968. Comparative seedling growth of four hardwood species Forest Sci. 14: 27-30.
Norwacki, G. J.; Abrams, M. D. 1994. Forest composition, structure, and disturbance history of the Alan Seeger Natural Area, Huntington County, Pennsylvania Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 121(3): 277-91.
Nowacki, G. J.; Abrams, M. D. 1994. Forest composition, structure, and disturbance history of the Alan Seeger Natural Area, Huntington County, Pennsylvania Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 121: 277-91.
Olson, D. F. 1969. Silvical characteristics of Yellow-poplar US Forest Serv. Res. Pap. 48. 20 pp.
Orwig, D. A.; Abrams, M. D. 1994. Contrasting radial growth and canopy recruitment patterns in Liriodendron tulipifera and Nyssa sylvatica: gap-obligate versus gap-facultative tree species Canad. J. Forest Res. 24: 2141-9.
Parks, C. R.; Miller, N. G.; Wendel, J. F.; McDougal, K. M. 1983. Genetic divergence within the genus Liriodendron (Magnoliaceae) Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 658-66.
Parks, C. R.; Wendel, J. F. 1990. Molecular divergence between Asian and North American species of Liriodendron (Magnoliaceae) with implications of fossil floras Amer. J. Bot. 77: 1243-56.
Paton, R. R. 1945. Storage of tuliptree seeds J. Forest. 43: 765.
Phillip, J. J. 1966. Site index of yellow-poplar related to soil and topography in southern New Jersey USDA, Forest Serv., Northeastern For. Exp. Sta. Res. Pap. NE-52. Upper Darby, Pa. 10 pp.
Pope, P. E.; Chaney, W. R.; Rhodes, J. D.; Woodhead, S. H. 1983. The mycorrhizal dependency of four hardwood tree species Canad. J. Bot. 61: 412-7.
Pray, T. 1954. Foliar venation of Angiosperms. I. Mature veination in Liriodendron Amer. J. Bot. 41: 663-70.
Pray, T. 1955. Foliar venation of Angiosperms. II. Histogenesis of the veination of Liriodendron Amer. J. Bot. 42: 18-27.
Pregitzer, K. S. 2002. Fine root architecture of nine North American trees Ecol. Monogr. 72: 293-309.
Rebbeck, J. 1998. Gas exchange and chlorophyll concentration of yellow-poplar foliage during three seasons on ozone plus elevated carbon dioxide exposure Ecological Society of America 83rd annual meeting. 1998 August 2-6; Baltimore, MD: 207. Abstract.
Rebbeck, J. 1996. Chronic ozone effects on three northeastern hardwood species: growth and biomss Canad. J. Forest Res. 26: 1788-98. (French summary)
Rebbeck, J.; Loats, K. V. 1997. Ozone effects on seedling sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera): gas exchange Canad. J. Forest Res. 27: 1595-605.
Reynolds, M. W. 1976. Liriodendron tulipifera - its early uses Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 36: 119-24.
Rhoads, A. F. 1976. Forest species show a delayed response to cement dust in the soil J. Arboric. 2(10): 197-9.
Roberts, B. R. 1964. Effects of water stress on the translocation of photosynthetically assimilated carbon-14 in yellow-poplar In: The formation of wood in forest trees. New York. 273-88 pages.
Roberts, S. W.; Knoerr, K. R.; Strain, B. R. 1979. Comparative field water relations of four co-occurring forest tree species Canad. J. Bot. 57: 1876-82.
Santamour, F. S. 1971. The two Tulip-trees Amer. Hort. Mag. 50: 87-9.
Santamour, F. S.; McArdle, A. J. 1984. Cultivar checklist for Liqiudambar and Liriodendron J. Arboric. 10: 309-312.
Sargent, C. S. 1891. Liriodendron In: Silva North America. .
Scherzer, A. J.; Rebbeck, J.; Boerner, R. E. J. 1998. Foliar nitrogen dynamics and decomposition of yellow-poplar and eastern white pine during four seasons of exposure to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide Forest Ecol. & Manag. 109: 355-366.
Schoenike, R. E. 1980. Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera): an annotated bibliography to and including 1974 Dept. Forestry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.
Sewell, M. M.; Parks, C. R.; Chase, M. W. 1996. Intraspecific chloroplast DNA variation and biogeography of North American Liriodendron L. (Magnoliaceae) Evolution 50: 1147-54.
Shipman, R. D.; Rudolph, V. J. 1954. Factors influencing height growth of planted yellow-poplar in southwestern Michigan Michigan State Univ. Tech. Bull. 242.
Simini, M.; Skelly, J. M.; Davis, D. D.; Savage, J. E. 1992. Sensitivity of four hardwood species to ambient ozone in north central Pennsylvania Canad. J. Forest Res. 22: 1789-99.
Sims, I. H. 1932. Establishment and survival of yellow poplar following a clear cutting in the southern Appalachians J. Forest. 30: 409-14.
Skeen, J. N.; Brown Carter, M. E.; Ragsdale, H. L. 1980. Yellow-poplar: the Piedmont case Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 107: 1-6.
Slade, B. 1959. The mode of origin of vein endings in the leaf of Liriodendron tulipifera L New Phyt. 58: 299-303.
Smith, H. W. 1963. Establishment of yellow poplar in canopy openings D.F. Dissertation, University of Yale.
Sollins, P. 1972. Organic matter budget and model for a southern Appalachian Liriodendron forest Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tennessee.
Spongberg, S. A.; Bell, A. C. 1996. Liriodendron tulipifera: the tulip-tree New Plantsman 3: 204-15.
Stephens, G. R. 1965. Yellow poplar seedlings respond to soil temperature J. Forest. 63: 701-3.
Thien, L. B.; Heimermann, W. H.; Holman, R. T. 1975. Floral odors and quantitative taxonomy of Magnolia and Liriodendron Taxon 24: 557-68.
Thomas, W. A. 1975. Accumulation of rare earths and circulation of cerium by mockernut hickory trees Canad. J. Bot. 53(12): 1159-65. (Also Acer, Liriodendron, Nyssa, & Quercus)
Tryon, E. H.; Cantrell, J. O.; Carvell, K. L. 1957. Effect of precipitation and temperature on increment of yellow-poplar Forest Sci. 3: 32-44.
Tryon, E. H.; Carvell, K. L. 1960. Environmental factors affecting yellow-poplar under a young stand Castanea 25: 69-73.
Tryon, E. H.; Myers, C. A. 1952. Periodic precipitation affects growth of yellow poplar on a West Virginia hillside Castanea 17: 97-102.
Tryon, E. H.; True, R. P. 1968. Radial increment response of Appalachian hardwood species to a spring freeze J. Forest. 66(6): 488-91.
Vaartaja, O. 1961. Demonstration of photoperiodic ecotypes in Liriodendron and Quercus Canad. J. Bot. 39: 649-54.
Vozzo, J. A.; Hacskaylo, E. 1964. Anatomy of mycorrhizae of selected eastern forest trees Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 91: 378-387.
Wallace, L. L.; Dunn, E. L. 1980. Comparative photosynthesis of three gap phase successional tree species Oecologia 45: 331-40.
Warrillow, M.; Mou, P. 1999. Ice storm damage to forest tree species in the ridge and valley region of southwestern Virginia J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 126: 147-158.
Wei, Z. X.; Wu, Z. Y. 1993. Pollen ultrastructure of Liriodendron and its systematic significance Acta Bot. Yunnanica 15: 163-6. (In Chinese; English summary)
Weisse, A. 1902. Uber die Blattstellung von Liriodendron tulipifera Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 20: 488-93. (In German)
Whitaker, T. W. 1933. Chromosome number and relationship in the Magnoliales J. Arnold Arbor. 14: 376-85.
Wilder, C. M.; Holtzclaw, F . W.; Clebsch, E. E. C. 1999. Succession, sapling density and growth in canopy gaps along a topographic gradient in a second growth east Tennessee forest Amer. Midl. Naturalist 142: 201-212.
Williams, R. D. 1964. Release accelerates height growth of yellow poplar seedlings J. Forest. 62(2): 95-7.
Wood, C. E. 1958. The genera of the woody Ranales of the southeastern United States J. Arnold Arbor. 39(3): 296-346.
Xu, F. X. 2003. Sclerotesta morphology and its systematic implications in magnoliaceous seeds Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142: 407-424.