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Abbott, H. G. 1962. Tree seed preferences of mice and voles in the Northeast J. Forest. 60(2): 97-9.

Abbott, H. G. 1961. White pine seed consumption by small mammals J. Forest. 59(3): 197-201.

Abbott, H. G.; Quink, T. F. 1970. Ecology of eastern white pine seed caches made by small forest mammals Ecology 51(2): 271-8.

Abrams, M. D.; Orwig, D. A. 1996. A 300-year history of disturbance and canopy recruitment for co-occurring white pine and hemlock on the Allegheny Plateau, U.S.A J. Ecol. 84: 353-63.

Abrams, M. D.; Orwig, D. A. 1995. Structure, radial growth dynamics and recent climatic variations of a 320-year-old Pinus rigida rock outcrop community Oecologia 101: 353-60.

Ahlgren, C. E.; Ahlgren, I. F. 1981. Some effects of different forest litters on seed germination and growth Canad. J. Forest Res. 11: 710-714.

Alexander, E. J. 1958. Pinus banksiana Addisonia 23: 39-40.

Alfieri, F. J.; Evert, R. F. 1973. Structure and seasonal development of the secondary phloem in the Pinaceae Bot. Gaz. 134(1): 17-25.

Alfieri, F. J.; Evert, R. F. 1968. Seasonal development of the secondary phloem in Pinus Amer. J. Bot. 55: 518-28.

Ammann, B. R. 1977. A pollenmorphological distinction between Pinus banksiana Lamb. and P. resinosa Ait Pollen & Spores 19(4): 521-9.

Andresen, J. W. 1959. A study of pseudonanism in Pinus rigida Mill Ecol. Monogr. 29: 309-32.

Andressen, J. W. 1957. Precocity of Pinus rigida Mill Castanea 22: 130-4.

Argus, G. 1973. Pinus banksiana Lamb. or Pinus divaricata (Aiton) Dumont? Taxon 22: 318-319.

Argus, G. W. 1971. A necessary name change for jack pine: Pinus divaricata in lieu of P. banksiana Canad. J. Bot. 49(4): 573-6.

Arthur, M. A.; Paratley, R. D. 1998. Single and repeated fires affect survival and regeneration of woody and herbaceous species in an oak-pine forest J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 125: 225-236.

Auten, J. T. 1945. Relative influence of sassafras, black locust, and pines upon old-field soils J. Forest. 43: 441-6.

Baker, S. S.; Rugh, C. L.; Whitmore, F. W.; Kamalay, J. C. 1996. Genes encoding 11S-Globulin-like proteins are expressed in the megagametophyte soon after fertilization in eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) Int. J. Plant Sci. 157: 453-61.

Baldwin, H. I. 1931. The period of height growth in some northeastern conifers Ecology 12: 665-89.

Baldwin, H. I. 1979. The distribution of Pinus banksiana Lamb. in New England and New York Rhodora 81: 549-465.

Baldwin, H. I. 1932. Alcohol separation of empty seed, and its effect on the germination of red spruce Amer. J. Bot. 19: 1-11.

Barden, L. S. 1988. Drought and survival in a self-perpetuating Pinus pungens population: equilibrium or nonequilibrium? Amer. Midl. Naturalist 119(2): 253-7.

Barden, L. S. 1977. Self-maintaining populations of Pinus pungens Lam. in the southern Appalachian Mountains Castanea 42(4): 316-23.

Bartholomay, G. A.; Eckert, R. T.; Smith, K. T. 1997. Reductions in tree-ring widths of white pine following ozone exposure at Acadia National Park, Maine, U.S.A Canad. J. Forest Res. 27: 361-8.

Barton, A. M.; Wallenstein, M. D. 1997. Effects of invasion of Pinus virginiana on soil properties in serpentine barrens in southeastern Pennsylvania J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 124: 297-305.

Barton, L. V. 1930. Hastening the germination of some coniferous seeds Amer. J. Bot. 17: 88-115.

Beal, J. M. 1934. Chromosome behavior in Pinus banksiana following fertilization Bot. Gaz. 95: 660-6.

Beaufait, W. R. 1960. Some effects of high temperatures on the cones and seeds of jack pine Forest Sci. 6: 194-9.

Beaulieu, J.; Simon, J. P. 1995. Mating system in natural populations of eastern white pine in Quebec Canad. J. Forest Res. 25: 1697-703.

Beaulieu, J.; Simon, J. P. 1994. Genetic structure and variability in Pinus strobus in Quebec Canad. J. Forest Res. 24: 1726-33.

Beaulieu, J.; Simon, J. P. 1995. Variation in cone morphology and seed characters in Pinus strobus in Quebec Canad. J. Bot. 73(2): 262-71.

Beland, M.; Bergeron, Y. 1993. Ecological factors affecting abundance of advanced growth in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stnads of the boreal forest of northwest Quebec Forest. Chron. 69: 561-8.

Bergeron, Y.; Brisson, J. 1990. Fire regime in red pine stands at the northern limit of the species' range Ecology 71: 1352-64.

Bergeron, Y.; Leduc, A.; Li, T. X. 1997. Explaining the distribution of Pinus spp. in a Canadian boreal insular landscape J. Veg. Sci. 8: 37-44.

Bergmann, F.; Gillet, E. M. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships among Pinus species (Pinaceae) inferred from different numbers of 6PGDH loci Pl. Syst. Evol. 208: 25-34.

Best, G. N. 1886. Pinus pungens in New Jersey Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13: 121-2.

Bormann, B. T.; Bormann, F. H.; et al. 1993. Rapid N2 fixation in pines, alder, and locust: evidence from the sandbox ecosystem study Ecology 74: 583-98.

Bormann, F. H. 1965. Changes in the growth pattern of white pine trees undergoing suppression Ecology 46: 269-77.

Bormann, F. H. 1961. Intraspecific root grafting and the survival of eastern white pine stumps Forest Sci. 7: 248-55.

Bormann, F. H. 1966. Significance of root grafts in Pinus strobus L. Ecol. Monogr. 36: 1-26.

Bormann, F. H. 1963. Ontogenetic relationships of the primary leaf of Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 320-332.

Bormann, F. H. 1953. Factors determining the role of loblolly pine and sweetgum in early old-field succession in the Piedmont of North Carolina Ecol. Monogr. 23: 339-58.

Bormann, F. H.; Graham, B. F. Jr. 1959. The occurrence of natural root grafting in eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L., and its ecological implications Ecology 40: 677-91.

Bourdeau, P. F.; Laverick, M. L. 1958. Tolerance and photosynthetic adaptability to light intensity in white pine, red pine, hemlock, and ailanthus seedlings Forest Sci. 4: 196-207.

Boyle, C. D.; Hellenbrand, K. E. 1991. Assessment of the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on drought tolerance of conifer seedlings Canad. J. Bot. 69(8): 1764-71.

Bramble, W. C. 1946. Natural reproduction of Jack pine in Pennsylvania J. Forest. 44: 204.

Bramble, W. C.; Goddard, M. K. 1942. Effect of animal coaction and seedbed conditions on regeneration of pitch pine in the barrens of central Pennsylvania Ecology 23: 330-5.

Brand, D. G.; Janas, P. S. 1988. Growth and acclimation of planted white pine and white spruce seedlings in response to environmental conditions Canad. J. Forest Res. 18(3): 320-9.

Brown, H. P. 1912. Growth studies in forest trees. I. Pinus rigida Mill Bot. Gaz. 54: 386-402.

Brown, H. P. 1915. Growth studies in forest trees. II. Pinus strobus L Bot. Gaz. 59: 197-241.

Brown, J. H.; Stires, J. L. 1984. Growth of white pine in relation to soils and topography in southeastern Ohio Ohio state Univ. Agric. Res. Develop. Center Res. Bull. 1164:3-14.

Brown, R. T. 1967. Influence of naturally occurring compounds on germination and growth of jack pine Ecology 48: 542-6. (Also discussions on Cornus, Gaultheria, & Prunus)

Buchert, G. P. 1994. Genetics of white pine and implications for management and conservation Forest. Chron. 70: 427-34.

Buchert, G. P.; Rajora, O. P.; Hood, J. V.; Dancik, B. P. 1997. Effects of harvesting on genetic diversity in old-growth eastern white pine in Ontario, Canada Conserv. Biol. 11: 747-58.

Buchholz, J. T. 1920. Embryo development and polyembryony in relation to the phylogeny of conifers Amer. J. Bot. 7: 125-45.

Buchholz, J. T. 1944. The cause of sterility in cross-pollinations between species of pines Amer. J. Bot. 31: Suppl. p. 2s.

Buchholz, J. T. 1948. Generic and subgeneric distribution of the Coniferales Bot. Gaz. 110: 80-91.

Buchholz, K. 1980. Mineral nutrient accumulations in Pinus rigida Mill. from Plains and Barrens populations in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, and an analysis of density, biomass and net annual above-ground productivity of Plains Pinus rigida Ph.D. Dissertation, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ. 185 p.

Buchholz, K. 1983. Initial responses of pine and oak to wildfire in the New Jersey Pine Barrens Plains Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 110: 91-6.

Buchholz, K.; Good, R. E. 1982. Density, age structure, biomass and net annual above-ground productivity of dwarfed Pinus rigida Mill. from the New Jersey Pine Barrens Plains Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 109: 24-34.

Buell, J. H. 1940. Red pine in West Virginia Castanea 5: 1-6.

Buell, M. F. 1946. A size frequency study of Pinus banksiana pollen J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 62: 221-8.

Buell, M. F. 1947. Mass dissemination of pine pollen J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 63: 163-7.

Bump, N. G. 1926. Some observations of forest tree seeds and the early development of the seedlings M.S. Thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. 64 p.

Bunce, J. A.; Miller, L. N.; Chabot, B. F. 1977. Competative exploitation of soil water by five eastern North American tree species Bot. Gaz. 138(2): 168-73.

Burgess, D.; Wetzel, S. 2002. Recruitment and early growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) regeneration after partial cutting and site preparation. Forestry (Oxford) 75: 419-423.

Butts, D.; Buchholz, J. T. 1940. Cotyledon numbers in conifers Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 33: 58-62.

Byram, G. M.; Doolittle, W. T. 1950. A year of growth for a shortleaf pine Ecology 31: 27-35.

Cain, S. A. 1948. Size frequency characteristics of Pinus echinata pollen Bot. Gaz. 110: 325-30.

Canham, C. D. 1996. Biomass allocation and multiple resource limitation in tree seedlings Canad. J. Forest Res. 26: 1521-30. (French summary)

Carey, J. H. 1993. Pinus resinosa The Fire Effects Information System WWW site; USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory; Missoula, MT; Fischer,WC compiler. ()

Carey, J. H. 1993. Pinus banksiana The Fire Effects Information System WWW site; USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory; Missoula, MT; Fischer,WC compiler. ()

Carey, J. H. 1992. Pinus rigida The Fire Effects Information System WWW site; USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory; Missoula, MT; Fischer,WC compiler. ()

Carey, J. H. 1992. Pinus echinata The Fire Effects Information System WWW site; USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory; Missoula, MT; Fischer,WC compiler. ()

Carey, J. H. 1993. Pinus strobus The Fire Effects Information System WWW site; USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory; Missoula, MT; Fischer,WC compiler. ()

Carey, J. H. 1992. Pinus pungens The Fire Effects Information System WWW site; USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory; Missoula, MT; Fischer,WC compiler. ()

Carleton, T. J.; Maycock, P. F.; Arnup, R.; Gordon, A. M. 1996. In situ regeneration of Pinus strobus and P. resinosa in the Great Lakes forest communities of Canada J. Veg. Sci. 7: 431-44.

Carlisle, A. 1958. A guide to the named variants of Scots pine Forestry (Oxford) 31: 203-24.

Carter, J. C. 1975. Major tree diseases of the century J. Arboric. 1(8): 141-7.

Carter, K. K. 1996. Provenance tests as indicators of growth response to climate change in 10 north temperate tree species Canad. J. Forest Res. 26: 1089-95. (French summary)

Cayford, J. H.; Waldron, R. M. 1965. Multiple jack pine seedlings Canad. J. Bot. 43: 481-2.

Cechich, R. A. 1979. Ovule development and abortion in Pinus banksiana {IIn} Proc. Symp. Flower and Seed Develop. Trees, Starkville, MS, 1978. pp. 33-40. (Abstr. in Ref. Zhurn. Biol., 8(2):V263. 1980.)

Cecich, R. A. 1984. The histochemistry and ultrastructure of jack pine microsporangia during the winter Amer. J. Bot. 71(6): 851-64.

Chamberlin, E. A.; Aarssen, L. W. 1996. The cost of apical dominance in white pine (Pinus strobus L.): Growth in multi-stemmed versus single-stemmed trees Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 268-72.

Chaney, W. R.; Kozlowski, T. T. 1969. Seasonal and diurnal changes in water balance of fruits, cones, and leaves of forest trees Canad. J. Bot. 47: 1407-17.

Chapman, H. H. 1952. The place of fire in the ecology of pines Bartonia 26: 39-44.

Cheliak, W. M. 1985. Temporal variation and mating system in a natural population of jack pine Genetics 109: 569-84.

Cherosciewicz, Z. 1990. Site conditions for jack pine seeding Forest. Chron. 66: 579-84.

Cheyney, E. G. 1932. The roots of a jack pine tree J. Forest. 30: 929-32.

Ching, T. M.; Ching, K. K. 1964. Freeze-drying pine pollen Pl. Physiol. (Lancaster) 39: 705-9.

Chisman, H. H.; Lylo, N. 1958. A dwarf form of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) J. Forest. 56: 110-2.

Clark, J. S. 1991. Disturbance and tree life history on the shifting mosaic landscape Ecology 72: 1102-18.

Clements, J. R. 1970. Shoot responses of young red pine to watering applied over two seasons Canad. J. Bot. 48: 75-80.

Clements, J. R.; Fraser, J. W.; Stiell, W. M. 1968. Exploratory studies of the compatibility of young red pine with sweet-fern Can. Dept. Forest. Rur. Develop. Infor. Rep. No. PS-X-6.

Collingwood, G. H. 1942. Scotch pine Amer. Forests 48: 34-5.

Constantinidou, H. A.; Kozlowski, T. T.; Hensen, K. 1976. Effect of sulphur dioxide on Pinus resinosa seedlings in the cotyledon stage J. Environ. Qual. 5: 141-4.

Cook, D. B. 1941. Five seasons' growth of conifers Ecology 22(3): 285-96.

Cook, D. B.; Smith, R. H. 1964. Planting an adverse site in New York -II J. Forest. 62(3): 161-2.

Cook, D. B.; Smith, R. H.; Stone, E. L. 1952. The natural distribution of red pine in New York Ecology 33: 500-12.

Cook, E. R.; Jacoby, G. C. 1977. Tree-ring drought relationships in the Hudson Valley, New York Science 198(4315): 399-401. (Pinus, Quercus, & Tsuga used for dendrochronology)

Cooke, R. R. 1989. Stand and individual tree growth of eastern white pine M.S. Thesis, Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH. 149 p.

Cope, E. A. 1986. Native and cultivated conifers of northeastern North America Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY.

Cope, J. A. 1932. Northern white pine in the southern Appalachians J. Forest. 30: 821-8. (Also Ribes)

Costonis, A. C. 1970. Acute foliar injury of eastern white pine induced by sulfur dioxide and ozone Phytopathology 60: 994-9.

Costonis, A. C.; Sinclair, W. A. 1969. Relationship of atmospheric ozone to needle blight of eastern white pine Phytopathology 59: 1566-74.

Craine, S. I.; Orians, C. M. 2006. Effects of flooding on pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) growth and survivorship J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 133: 289-296.

Critchfield, W. B. 1986. Hybridization and classification of the white pines (Pinus section Strobus) Taxon 35: 647-56.

Critchfield, W. B. 1975. Interspecific hybridization in Pinus: a summary review Proc. 14th CTIA Meet., Fredericton, N.B., Aug. 28-30, 1973. pp. 99-105.

Critchfield, W. B.; Little, E. L. 1966. Geographic distribution of the pines of the world USDA For. Serv. Misc. Publ. 991. 97 pp.

Curtis, J. D.; Popham, R. A. 1972. The developmental anatomy of long-branch terminal buds of Pinus banksiana Amer. J. Bot. 59: 194-202.

Dallimore, W. 1921. The yellow pines of North America Kew Bull. 1921: 330-5.

Dallimore, W.; Jackson, A. B. 1966. A handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae, revised by S.G. Harrison 4th ed. St. Martins Press, New York.

Daughtrey, M.; Kowalsick, T. 1988. The Japanese black pine - What's happening? Home Hort. Facts, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Riverhead, NY. 4 pp.

Davis, J. E. 1926. A study of the natural reproduction of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) M.S. Thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. 60 p.

de Groot, P.; Fleming, R. A. 1994. Analysis and modelling of cohort life tables of jack pine seed cones Canad. J. Forest Res. 24: 1579-92.

De Steven, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling survival and growth Ecology 72: 1076-88.

De Steven, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling emergence Ecology 72: 1066-75.

DeMent, J. A.; Stone, E. L. 1968. Influence of soil and site on red pine plantations in New York. II. Soil type and physical properties Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 1020. Ithaca, NY. 25 pp.

Demeritt, M. E.; Kettlewood, H. C. 1975. Eastern white pine seed source variation in the northeastern United States: 16-year results Proc. 12th Lake States Forest Tree Improv. Conf., Aug. 1975, USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-26. pp. 80-87.

Despland, E.; Houle, G. 1997. Climate influences on growth and reproduction of Pinus banksiana (Pinaceae) at the limit of the species distribution in eastern North America Amer. J. Bot. 84: 928-37.

Desponts, M.; Payette, S. 1992. Recent dynamics of jack pine at its northern distribution in northern Quebec Canad. J. Bot. 70: 1157-67.

Dickmann, D. I. 1969. Physiological investigations of first- and second-year pistillate strobili of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI.

Dickmann, D. I.; Kozlowski, T. T. 1969. Seasonal variations in reserve and structural components of Pinus resinosa cones Amer. J. Bot. 56: 515-20.

Dickmann, D. I.; Kozlowski, T. T. 1971. Cone size and seed yield in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) Amer. Midl. Naturalist 85: 431-5.

Dickmann, D. I.; Kozlowski, T. T. 1969. Seasonal growth patterns of ovulate strobili of Pinus resinosa in central Wisconsin Canad. J. Bot. 47: 839-48.

Dils, R. E.; Day, M. W. 1952. The effect of precipitation and temperature upon the radial growth of red pine Amer. Midl. Naturalist 48: 730-4.

Doyle, J. 1963. Proembryogeny in Pinus in relation to that in other conifers - a survey Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 62: 181-216.

Doyle, J.; O'Leary, M. 1935. Pollination in Pinus Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 24

Duffield, J. W. 1952. Relationships and species hybridization in the genus Pinus Silvae Genet. 1: 93-7.

Duffield, J. W.; Snow, A. G. 1941. Pollen longevity of Pinus strobus and Pinus resinosa as controlled by humidity and temperature Amer. J. Bot. 28: 175-7.

Durzan, D. J.; Chalupa, V.; et al. 1976. Growth and metabolism of cells and tissue of jack pine (Pinus banksiana). Parts 1-7 Canad. J. Bot. 54(5-6): 437-517.

Durzan, D. J.; Mia, A. J.; Ramaiah, P. K. 1971. The metabolism and subcellular organization of the jack pine embryo (Pinus banksiana) during germination Canad. J. Bot. 49: 927-38.

Eames, A. J. 1911. Stump-healing in Pinus strobus Rhodora 13: 253.

Eberhardt, J.; Brennan, E.; Kuser, J.; Harkov, R. 1988. Ozone tolerance in New Jersey field-grown eastern white pine J. Arboric. 14(8): 185-92.

Eberhardt, R. M.; Latham, R. E. 2000. Relationships among vegetation, surficial geology and soil water content at the Pocono mesic till barrens J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 127: 115-124.

Echt, C. S.; Deverno, L. L.; Anzidei, M.; Vendramin, G. G. 1998. Chloroplast microsatellites reveal population genetic diversity in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait Molec. Ecol. 7: 307-16.

Edens, D. L.; Ash, S. W. 1969. The development of a white pine stand in a bog environment at Cranberry Glades, West Virginia Castanea 34: 204-10.

Ehrenberg, C. E.; Simak, M. 1956. Flowering and pollination in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Meddeland. Statens Skogs-Forskningsinst. 46(12): 1-23.

Eliason, E. J.; Heit, C. E. 1940. The effect of temperature, light and dormancy on the germination of Scotch pine Proc. Assoc. Off. Seed Analysts N. Amer. 32: 92-102.

Eliason, E. J.; Heit, C. E. 1973. Red pine seed shows high germination after 42 years in storage J. Forest. 71(12): 776.

Emig, W. H. 1935. The megagametophyte of Pinus. I. Introduction Amer. J. Bot. 22: 500-2.

Engstrom, F. B.; Mann, D. H. 1991. Fire ecology of red pine (Pinus resinosa) in northern Vermont, USA Canad. J. Forest Res. 21: 882-9.

Epperson, B. K.; Chung, M. G. 2001. Spatial genetic structure of allozyme polymorphisms within populations of Pinus strobus (Pinaceae) Amer. J. Bot. 88: 1006-1010.

Fagin, D. 1995. Long Island up a tree Newsday, Tuesday, Jan 17, 1995, pages A5,A45.

Fajvan, M. A.; Seymour, R. S. 1993. Canopy stratification, age structure, and development of multicohort stands of eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, and red spruce Canad. J. Forest Res. 23(9): 1799-809.

Fang, W. 2006. Sources of variation in growth, form, and survival in dwarf and normal-stature pitch pines (Pinus rigida, Pinaceae) in long-term transplant experiments Amer. J. Bot. 93: 1125-1133.

Farjon, A. 1984. Pines: drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus E.J. Brill & Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden. 220 pages.

Farjon, A. 1990. A bibliography of conifers Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, Germany.

Farjon, A.; Frankis, M. P. 2002. 442. Pinus pungens Curtis's Botanical Magazine 19: 97-103.

Fenton, R. H.; Sucoff, E. I. 1965. Effects of storage treatments on the ripening and viability of Virginia pine seed USDA Forest Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Sta. Research Note NE-31. 6 pp. Upper Darby, PA.

Ferguson, M. C. 1904. Contributions to the knowledge of the life history of Pinus with special reference to sporogenesis, the development of the gametophytes and fertilization Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 1-202.

Fernald, M. L. 1919. Lithological factors limiting the range of Pinus banksiana and Thuja occidentalis Rhodora 21(243): 41-67.

Fernald, M. L. 1911. A botanical expedition to Newfoundland and southern Labrador Rhodora 13: 109-62.

Fernbach, E.; Mohr, H. 1992. Photoreactivation of the UV light effects on growth of Scots pine seedlings Trees 6: 232-5.

Flannigan, M. D. 1993. Fire regime and the abundance of red pine Int. J. Wildl. Fire 3: 241-7.

Flannigan, M. D.; Woodward, F. I. 1994. Red pine abundance: current climatic control and responses to future warming Canad. J. Forest Res. 24: 1166-75.

Florin, R. 1955. The systematics of gymnosperms In: A century of progress in the natural sciences, 1853-1953. California Acad. Sci., San Francisco. 323-403 pages.

Flory, W. S. 1936. Chromosome numbers and phylogeny in the gymnosperms J. Arnold Arbor. 17: 83-9.

Fowler, D. P. 1964. Effects of inbreeding in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait. III. Factors affecting natural selfing Silvae Genet. 14: 37-46.

Fowler, D. P. 1965. Effects of inbreeding in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait. II. Pollination studies Silvae Genet. 14: 12-23.

Fowler, D. P. 1965. Effects of inbreeding in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait. III. Factors affecting natural selfing Silvae Genet. 14: 37-46.

Fowler, D. P.; Dwight, T. W. 1964. Provenance differences in the stratification requirements of white pine Canad. J. Bot. 42: 669-75.

Frasco, B. R.; Good, R. E. 1976. Cone, seed, and germination characteristics of pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) from the Pine Barrens of New Jersey Bartonia 44: 50-7.

Fraser, J. W. 1969. Influences of sweet-fern on germination, survival, and early growth of red pine Canad. J. Bot. 47: 1681-3.

Frothingham, E. H. 1914. White pine under forest management USDA Bull. 13.

Funk, D. T. 1979. Genetic variation in volume growth of eastern white pine Forest Sci. 25: 2-6.

Funk, D. T. comp. 1986. Eastern white pine: today and tomorrow. Symposium proceedings; 1985 June 12-14, Durham, NH USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-51. Washington, D.C. 124 pp.

Gambles, R. L.; Dengler, R. E. 1982. The anatomy of the leaf of red pine, Pinus resinosa. I. Nonvascular tissues Canad. J. Bot. 60: 2788-803.

Gambles, R. L.; Dengler, R. E. 1982. The anatomy of the leaf of red pine, Pinus resinosa. II. Vascular tissues Canad. J. Bot. 60: 2804-24.

Garrett, P. W.; Schreiner, E. J.; Kettlewood, H. 1973. Geographic variation of eastern white pine in the northeast USDA Forest Serv., Res. Pap. NE-274.

Garrett, P. W.; Zahner, R. 1973. Fascicle density and needle growth reponses of red pine to water supply over two seasons Ecology 54: 1328-34.

Gates, F. C. 1938. Layering in black spruce Amer. Midl. Naturalist 19: 589-94.

Gauthier, S.; Bergeron, Y.; Simon, J. P. 1996. Effects of fire regime on the serotiny level of jack pine (Pinus banksiana, Pinaceae) J. Ecol. 84: 539-48.

Gauthier, S.; Bergeron, Y.; Simon, J. P. 1993. Cone serotiny in jack pine: ontogenetic, positional and environmental effects Canad. J. Forest Res. 23: 394-401.

Gauthier, S.; Simon, J. P.; Bergeron, Y. 1992. Genetic structure and variability in jack pine populations: effects of insularity Canad. J. Forest Res. 22: 1958-65.

Gelderen, D. M. van 1982. Pinus Dendroflora 19: 3-28.

Genys, J. B. 1980. Growth rates of nine different pines and two other conifers in Maryland's piedmont plateau Castanea 45: 16-24.

Genys, J. B. 1987. Provenance variation among different populations of Pinus strobus from Canada and the United States Canad. J. Forest Res. 17: 228-35.

Genys, J. B.; Wright, J. W.; Forbes, D. C. 1974. Intraspecific variation in Virginia pine, results of a provenance trial in Maryland, Michigan and Tennessee Silvae Genet. 23(4): 99-103.

Gernandt, D. S. 2005. Phylogeny and classification of Pinus Taxon 54: 29-42.

Gernandt, D. S.; Liston, A.; Pinero, D. 2003. Phylogenetics of Pinus subsections Cembroides and Nelsoniae inferred from cpDNA sequences Syst. Bot. 28: 657-673.

Gibson, D. J.; Good, R. E. 1987. The seedling habitat of Pinus echinata and Melampyrum lineare in oak-pine forests of the New Jersey pine barrens Oikos 49: 91-100.

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